Mar 17, 2014 ... solid dispersion technique presents a challenge to the formulation scientists ... dispersed drug was prepared from polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (pharmaceutical grade), a .... methanolic HCl to obtain a solution with the piroxicam.
The application of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been reported as a fast and sensitive analytical method in the trace detection of the two most commonly known synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP). FUBINACA and α-PVP are two of the most dangerous synthetic cannabinoids which have been reported to cause numerous deaths in the United States. While instruments such as GC-MS, LC-MS have been traditionally recognized as analytical tools for the detection of these synthetic drugs, SERS has been recently gaining ground in the analysis of these synthetic drugs due to its sensitivity in trace analysis and its effectiveness as a rapid method of detection. This present study shows the limit of detection of a concentration as low as picomolar for AMB-FUBINACA while for α-PVP, the limit of detection is in nanomolar concentration using SERS.
Pirox Pvp Tools 335a 17
The present investigation aimed at evaluating the use of different excipients, beta-lactose and polyvinylpyrrolidone of two molecular weights (PVP K12 and PVP K90), in the production of improved release piroxicam granules, by wet granulation using both water and steam as granulation liquid. The formulations examined were: piroxicam (Px)/beta-lactose; Px/PVP K12 and Px/PVP K90, each one at a 1:9 weight ratio. The most significant difference between beta-lactose and PVP is that, using the first excipient, both steam and water granules were produced while, when PVP were employed, only steam granules were obtained. Image analysis revealed that beta-lactose steam granules had a larger surface area with respect to water granules, whereas lower values of this parameter were observed in PVP-s granules, confirming the Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs and the fractal analysis results. As regards the enhancement of the dissolution profiles, the best result was obtained using beta-lactose steam granules followed by PVP K12 ones, even if the reactive dimension values indicated that during the dissolution process PVP K12 granules modified the surface more than beta-lactose granules. As regards PVP K90, this excipient was the one less influencing the granule morphology and the dissolution behaviour. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis suggested the partial amorphisation of the drug in the granules containing the three excipients. This result was then confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Therefore, beta-lactose and PVP K12 could be proposed as useful excipients to enhance the dissolution rate of Px from granules prepared using the steam granulation technique.
The present study investigates the use of nimodipine-polyethylene glycol solid dispersions for the development of effervescent controlled release floating tablet formulations. The physical state of the dispersed nimodipine in the polymer matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and polarized light microscopy, and the mixture proportions of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), effervescent agents (EFF) and nimodipine were optimized in relation to drug release (% release at 60 min, and time at which the 90% of the drug was dissolved) and floating properties (tablet's floating strength and duration), employing a 25-run D-optimal mixture design combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic programming (GP). It was found that nimodipine exists as mod I microcrystals in the solid dispersions and is stable for at least a three-month period. The tablets showed good floating properties and controlled release profiles, with drug release proceeding via the concomitant operation of swelling and erosion of the polymer matrix. ANNs and GP both proved to be efficient tools in the optimization of the tablet formulation, and the global optimum formulation suggested by the GP equations consisted of PEG=9%, PVP=30%, HPMC=36%, EFF=11%, nimodipine=14%. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Al-Hamidi, Hiba, Edwards, Alison A, Douroumis, Dionysis, Asare-Addo, Kofi, Nayebi, Alireza Mohajjel, Reyhani-Rad, Siamek, Mahmoudi, Javad and Nokhodchi, Ali (2013)Effect of glucosamine HCl on dissolution and solid state behaviours of piroxicam upon milling. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 103. pp. 189-199. ISSN 0927-7765
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Shokri, J, Azarmi, Sh, Fasihi, Z, Hallaj-Nezhadi, S, Nokhodchi, A and Javadzadeh, Y (2012)Effects of various penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of piroxicam from emulgels. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7 (4). pp. 225-234. ISSN 1735-5362
Valizadeh, Hadi, Zakeri-Milani, Parvin, Barzegar-Jalali, Mohammad, Mohammadi, Ghobad, Danesh-Bahreini, Mohammad-Ali, Adibkia, Khosro and Nokhodchi, Ali (2007)Preparation and characterization of solid dispersions of piroxicam with hydrophilic carriers. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 33 (1). pp. 45-56. ISSN 0363-9045 2ff7e9595c
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